Research

Working Papers

How Artificial Intelligence Shapes Science: Evidence from AlphaFold [Updated July 2026]
(with Ryan Hill)
Coverage: NBER Digest, Noahpinion, Kellogg Insight, Haas News

Publications

The Wandering Scholars: Understanding the Heterogeneity of University Commercialization
(with Josh Lerner, Henry Manley, and Heidi Williams)
forthcoming, Econometrica
[Supplementary Materials] [Replication Package]
Coverage: VoxEU, NBER Bulletin on Entrepreneurship

The Pivot Penalty in Research
(with Ryan Hill, Yian Yin, Xizhao Wang, Dashun Wang, and Benjamin F. Jones)
2025, Nature, 642(8069): 999-1006.
[Supplementary Materials] [Replication Package]
Coverage: Nature News, Times Higher Education, Kellogg Insight, Physics World

Race to the Bottom: Competition and Quality in Science
(with Ryan Hill)
2025, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 140(2): 1111-1185.
[Online Appendix] [Replication Package] [Slides]
Coverage: Econimate video summary, SIEPR policy brief, Science, Le Monde (in French!)

Scooped! Estimating Rewards for Priority in Science
(with Ryan Hill)
2025, Journal of Political Economy, 113(3): 793-845.
[Online Appendix] [Replication Package]
Coverage: Nature News

Internalizing Externalities: Designing Effective Data Policies
(with Ryan Hill and Heidi Williams)
2020, AEA Papers and Proceedings

Selected Work in Progress

Replication and Research Quality (with Matt Backus, Ted Miguel, and Lars Vilhuber)

Competition, Secrecy, and Strategic Non-Disclosure in Science (with Ryan Hill)

Resting Papers

Heat Check: New Evidence on the Hot Hand in Basketball
(with Andrew Bocskoscky and John Ezekowitz)
Coverage: WSJ, Boston Globe, Grantland, WBUR Only a Game, NYMag